Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 2024, 60(6): 603-621 | DOI: 10.13060/csr.2024.034

The Role of Educational Choices in Support of Gender Equality in Unpaid Domestic Work: A Case Study of Psychology and STEM Students in Slovakia

Magdalena Adamus ORCID...1, Denisa Fedáková ORCID...1, Vladimíra Čavojová ORCID...2
1 Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy an Art, Trnava University

The present paper investigates female and male students’ perceptions of descriptive and prescriptive gender norms in Slovakia and their expectations of and preferences for unpaid domestic work in the students’ future family lives. We explore the Slovak subset of the ‘Understanding Communal Orientation in Men’ (UCOM) project, which aims to better understand the social‒psychological factors associated with students’ interest in taking care-oriented roles and occupations. Data were collected at several universities across Slovakia in 2018 at psychology (as an example of the HEED field of study) and STEM departments traditionally dominated by female and male students, respectively. Our final sample consisted of 129 psychology students (106 females) and 124 STEM students (39 females). The results point to differences between female and male students’ perceptions of gender norms regarding unpaid domestic work, with male students reporting both descriptive and prescriptive norms as being more equal than what female students note. Interestingly, the men and women agreed in their preferences and expectations of how unpaid work should and will be distributed in their future family lives. Regardless of biological sex, the students wanted—and expected—women to take on more of unpaid work, indicating that the decision to study does not foster the desire for gender equality in either female or male students. Next, we explored the associations between the decision to study traditionally gender-incongruent majors and our dependent variables. Because of the limitations of the sample and country-specific conditions, we can only cautiously suggest that the gender-incongruent major choices may become a meaningful indicator of the changing dynamics in how gendered roles and norms are understood in society.

Klíčová slova: educational gender gap, educational choices, gender norms, unpaid domestic work, gender equality

Vloženo: 6. září 2023; Revidováno: 20. září 2024; Přijato: 23. září 2024; Zveřejněno online: 21. říjen 2024; Zveřejněno: 13. leden 2025  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Adamus, M., Fedáková, D., & Čavojová, V. (2024). The Role of Educational Choices in Support of Gender Equality in Unpaid Domestic Work: A Case Study of Psychology and STEM Students in Slovakia. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 60(6), 603-621. doi: 10.13060/csr.2024.034
Sdílet...
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Zobrazit celý článek

    Reference

    1. Adamus, M., & Ballová Mikušková, E. (2023). Gender discrimination and the backlash effect in recruitment and dismissal processes: Experimental evidence from Slovakia. Gender in Management: An International Journal, nd(nd). https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-01-2022-0002 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    2. Akerlof, G. A., & Kranton, R. E. (2010). Identity economics how our identities shape our work, wages, and well-being. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    3. Archer, J., & Freedman, S. (1989). Gender-stereotypic perceptions of academic disciplines. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59(3), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1989.tb03105.x Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    4. Archer, L., Dewitt, J., Osborne, J., Dillon, J., Willis, B., & Wong, B. (2010). 'Doing' science versus 'being' a scientist: Examining 10/11-year-old schoolchildren's constructions of science through the lens of identity. Science Education, 94(4), 617-639. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20399 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    5. Becker, G. S. (1985). Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 33-58. https://doi.org/10.1086/298075 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    6. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036215 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    7. Block, K., Croft, A., De Souza, L., & Schmader, T. (2019). Do people care if men don't care about caring? The asymmetry in support for changing gender roles. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 83(April), 112-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.03.013 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    8. Bothwell, E. (2022). Gender equality How global universities are performing Part 1. http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en
    9. Chambers, D. W. (1983). Stereotypic images of the scientist: the draw-a-scientist test. Science Education, 67, 255-265. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1002/sce.3730670213 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    10. Cheryan, S., Master, A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2015). Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers: Increasing girls' interest in computer science and engineering by diversifying stereotypes. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(FEB), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    11. Cukrowska-Torzewska, E., & Lovasz, A. (2020). The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap - A comparative analysis of 26 European countries. Social Science Research, 85(102355), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102355 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    12. Dicke, A. L., Safavian, N., & Eccles, J. S. (2019). Traditional gender role beliefs and career attainment in STEM: A gendered story? Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAY), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01053 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    13. Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum.
    14. Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    15. Eagly, A. H., Nater, C., & Miller, D. I. (2020). Gender stereotypes have changed: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018. American Psychologist, 75(3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000494.supp Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    16. Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 458-476). Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249222.n49 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    17. Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123-174). Routledge.
    18. EIGE. (2022). Gender Equality Index 2022 Slovakia.
    19. Encinas-Martíni, M., & Cherian, M. (2023). Gender, education and skills: The persistence of gender gaps in education and skills. OECD Skills Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/34680dd5-en Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    20. Hand, S., Rice, L., & Greenlee, E. (2017). Exploring teachers' and students' gender role bias and students' confidence in STEM fields. Social Psychology of Education, 20(4), 929-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9408-8 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    21. Klímová Chaloupková, J. (2018). Rozdělení domácí práce a hodnocení jeho spravedlnosti v České republice: existují rozdíly mezi manželskými a nesezdanými páry? Sociologický časopis [Czech Sociological Review], 54(4), 593-624. https://doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2018.54.4.415 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    22. Makarova, E., Aeschlimann, B., & Herzog, W. (2019). The gender gap in STEM fields: The impact of the gender stereotype of math and science on secondary students' career aspirations. Frontiers in Education, 4(60), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00060 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    23. Meeussen, L., Van Laar, C., & Van Grootel, S. (2020). How to foster male engagement in traditionally female communal roles and occupations: Insights from research on gender norms and precarious manhood. Social Issues and Policy Review, 14(1), 297-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12060 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    24. Miller, A. L., & Borgida, E. (2016). The separate spheres model of gendered inequality. PLoS ONE, 11(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147315 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    25. Olsson, M. I. T., van Grootel, S., Block, K., Schuster, C., Meeussen, L., Van Laar, C., Schmader, T., Croft, A., Sun, M. S., Ainsaar, M., Aarntzen, L., Adamus, M., Anderson, J., Atkinson, C., Avicenna, M., Bąbel, P., Barth, M., Benson-Greenwald, T. M., Maloku, E., … Martiny, S. E. (2023). Gender gap in parental leave intentions: Evidence from 37 countries. Political Psychology, nd(nd). https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12880 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    26. Reisel, L., & Seehuus, S. (2023). Unpacking the logics of gendered educational choices: 10th graders' evaluation of appropriate educational tracks. Educational Review, nd(nd), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2023.2182762 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    27. Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (1999). Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women the hidden cost to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1004 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    28. Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2001). Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 743-762. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00239 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    29. Rudman, L. A., & Mescher, K. (2013). Penalizing men who request a family leave: Is flexibility stigma a femininity stigma? Journal of Social Issues, 69(2), 322-340. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    30. Rudman, L. A., Moss-racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E., & Nauts, S. (2012). Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.008 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    31. Rudman, L. A., & Phelan, J. E. (2008). Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    32. Saxler, F. M., Dorrough, A. R., Froehlich, L., Block, K., Croft, A., Meeussen, L., Olsson, M. I. T., Schmader, T., Schuster, C., van Grootel, S., Van Laar, C., Atkinson, C., Benson-Greenwald, T., Birneanu, A., Cavojova, V., Cheryan, S., Lee Kai Chung, A., Danyliuk, I., Dar-Nimrod, I., … Martiny, S. E. (2024). Did descriptive and prescriptive norms about gender equality at home change during the COVID-19 pandemic? A cross-national investigation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231219719 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    33. Šprocha, B., Tišliar, P., & Šídlo, L. (2020). Women's education and fertility: To some differential aspects of transformation of fertility in Slovakia. Sociologia (Slovakia), 52(5), 499-524. https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2020.52.5.21 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...

    Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


    Zpět na obsah